How to Know if Your Child Has ADHD: A Comprehensive Guide for Parents

Recognizing ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) in your child can be challenging, especially when many behaviours associated with the condition—like hyperactivity or difficulty concentrating—are also common in most children. However, knowing when to seek help is essential for your child's well-being and development.

This guide will break down the key signs of ADHD, how it affects children in different environments, and when it’s time to consider an assessment. We will also walk you through the evaluation process, offering insights into how parents can best support their children along the way.

What is ADHD?

ADHD stands for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, a condition characterised by difficulties in maintaining attention, controlling impulses, and managing hyperactivity. While it’s often thought of as a disorder, some experts prefer to think of it as a "brain style," as this framing can reduce the stigma associated with ADHD.

There are three main types of ADHD:

1. Inattentive Type: Characterised by trouble focusing and paying attention.
2. Hyperactive/Impulsive Type: Involves high levels of energy and impulsive actions.
3. Combined Type: A combination of both inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive behaviours.

Signs of Inattention: What to Look For

The inattentive type of ADHD can be tricky to spot since it’s less visible than hyperactive behaviours. However, it often presents as the following:

• Difficulty maintaining focus: Your child may start tasks but struggle to finish them or lose interest quickly.
• Forgetfulness: This can manifest as forgetting instructions, school assignments, or losing items frequently.
• Disorganisation: You might notice that your child has difficulty organising their belongings or following through on multi-step directions.

At school, inattentive children might gaze out of the window or seem to lose track of what’s happening in class. Teachers may report that your child struggles with finishing homework or completing tasks during class time.

Signs of Hyperactivity and Impulsivity

The hyperactive/impulsive type of ADHD is often easier to recognize because the behaviours are more outward. Children with this type may:

• Have difficulty sitting still: They may constantly fidget, tap their feet, or move around even in situations where sitting is expected, like in class.
• Talk excessively or interrupt others: Children with hyperactivity may blurt out answers in class or interrupt conversations.
• Act impulsively: They might do things without thinking through the consequences, such as grabbing objects, speaking without considering others, or making quick decisions without considering the results.

In a school setting, these behaviours can lead to disruptive actions, like frequently calling out during lessons, being unable to stay seated, or getting into trouble for not following instructions.

The Combined Type: A Mix of Both

Some children display a mix of both inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive behaviours. For instance, they may struggle to focus on schoolwork but also exhibit hyperactivity at home by constantly moving or talking. In these cases, it’s essential to understand that your child’s behaviour may be a combination of both symptoms.

When Should You Seek an Assessment?

The question many parents ask is, “How do I know when to get my child assessed for ADHD?” Here are some key indicators that it’s time to seek professional help:

• Challenges in daily functioning: If your child’s difficulties with attention or hyperactivity prevent them from completing everyday tasks—whether at school, home, or in social settings—it may be time to consider an assessment.
• Emotional impact: If your child feels frustrated or compares themselves negatively to their peers (“Why can’t I do this like my classmates?”), this can be a sign of ADHD affecting their self-esteem.
• Frequent trouble at school or home: Regular reports from teachers about disruptive behaviour or consistent struggles with schoolwork can be indicators that your child’s challenges are more than just a passing phase.

What to Expect During an ADHD Assessment

ADHD assessments are comprehensive and involve multiple steps:

• Observation: A child psychologist or paediatrician will observe your child’s behaviour in a controlled setting.
• Questionnaires: Parents and teachers often complete standardised questionnaires about the child’s behaviour in different environments. These offer insights into how ADHD may be affecting your child across settings like home, school, and social interactions.
• Interviews: Interviews with parents provide additional context about the child’s day-to-day challenges and any emotional or behavioural struggles that may be present.

Unlike medical conditions that require lab tests, ADHD assessments are behavioural in nature, meaning they rely on observations, reports, and expert evaluations. If diagnosed, the psychologist or paediatrician will create a tailored plan to support your child.

Supporting Your Child: What to Do After Diagnosis

If your child is diagnosed with ADHD, don’t panic. ADHD is manageable with the right strategies and support. Many children with ADHD go on to succeed academically and socially with the right interventions. Some ways you can support your child include:

• Behavioural Therapy: Working with a psychologist can help your child learn strategies to manage their attention or hyperactivity.
• Creating structure at home: Implementing consistent routines and expectations can make life easier for a child with ADHD.
• Educational support: Some schools offer individualised education plans (IEPs) that provide extra support for children with ADHD.

Additionally, ADHD is not a condition that a child will simply “outgrow,” so early intervention is critical in helping your child build the skills they need for long-term success.

When in Doubt, Seek Professional Help

If you suspect your child may have ADHD but aren’t sure, there’s no harm in seeking professional guidance. Even if your child doesn’t have ADHD, getting professional insight can offer reassurance or provide tips for managing specific behaviours. No parent should feel alone in this process—there is support available, and seeking help is a positive step.

As a parent, you are the best advocate for your child’s well-being. If you notice ongoing struggles that impact their day-to-day life, don’t hesitate to seek advice from a psychologist or paediatrician. Early identification of ADHD can lead to better outcomes for your child, helping them thrive both academically and socially.